Frank, after writing thae last email I checked my code again. During the gap in the bunch train my code does not create any primary electrons. At a fixed location in the pipe the primary electron creation rate is constant at 3.e16 electrons per meter per second for t< 0.5 microseconds and it is zero for t > 0.5 microseconds. Looking at your curve it might be that you continue to generate primaries during the bunch gap. This would give a non-zero asymptotic value. You will need to check reflectivities etc. to find what is right for LHC. Cheers -- Mike